EVALUATING THE POLITICS OF DEMOCRATIC RECONCILIATIONAND CONSOLIDATION IN PAKISTAN (2008–2013)

Abstract

This paper explores the course of democratic reconciliation and consolidation in Pakistan by identifying key challenges and possible pathways for strengthening democratic governance.  The Charter of Democracy (CoD), a historic agreement signed between the PPP and PML(N) in 2006. The Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) achieved a remarkable milestone by successfully completing its full five-year term in office after assuming power in February 2008. The PPP government took several steps aimed at institutionalizing democracy and promoting civilian supremacy. To explore how the CoD shaped the process of democratic consolidation and reconciliation in Pakistan between 2008-2013 constitutes the main objective of this study. On September 6, 2008, the PPP won the presidential election by an overwhelming majority. The study using a qualitative methodological technique with relativist ontological and subjectivist epistemological position. Thematic analysis is used to investigate the extent of institutional reforms, the nature of democratic performance, and the implementation of the CoD. Secondary sources of data are used for this study. The study finds that despite the CoD enabling reforms and temporary inter-party cooperation, deep political rivalry and weak commitment to democratic norms hindered true consolidation. While growing political awareness, media, and youth involvement offer hope, challenges like corruption and weak institutions persist. Strengthening democracy requires institutional reforms, accountability, civic education, and safeguarding democratic processes.