The Impact of Identity Politics on Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: A Sociopolitical Analysis

Abstract

By studying identity politics, this research seeks to explain how religious, ethnic and ideological stories have influenced Pakistan’s foreign policy. It examines Pakistan’s international affairs by integrating views from sociology, international relations and political science on how the country’s main Islamic roots have influenced its foreign strategy and diplomatic behavior. The analysis looks closely at Pakistan’s foreign ties with India, Afghanistan and Iran, as well as the impact of its military, religious groups, mass media and education system on identity-based policymaking. Through the contributions of Ayesha Jalal, Eqbal Ahmad, Pervez Hoodbhoy, the paper shows that focusing on identity has made it difficult for Pakistan to respond flexibly to challenges, has affected its own society and has raised tensions with its neighbors. It is argued, using examples and multiple areas of analysis, that such an approach hinders the country’s long-term foreign policy objectives. The report ends by urging approach to foreign policy that is not influenced by ideologues and prefers inclusive and honest diplomacy to support stability and collaboration within the region. It briefly describes the subject covered, the methods used and the recommendations offered, helping to advance both academic and policy debates about Pakistan’s role in world affairs.