Between Separation and Belonging: Understanding the Dynamics of Elderly Social Adjustment in Old Age Homes of Punjab, Pakistan.

Abstract

The emergence and dramatic increase of old age homes represents a major socio-cultural change in the traditional society of Pakistan, where family-based elderly care is deeply rooted in cultural and religious values. The relocation of elderly individuals from familiar home environment to institutional settings poses multiple challenges affecting their overall well-being. Adjustment is a multidimensional and continuous process in all phases of human life. It is more important for the elderly to be well-adjusted after their transition from home to institution. The present study tends to explore the multifaceted process of social adjustment among elderly residing in old age homes in Punjab, Pakistan. Semi-structured interview guide was used for gathering data from both the residents and staff members. The study was qualitative in nature with a total of 50 sample size, comprising 40 elderly residents and 10 staff members of the selected old age homes. Thematic analysis revealed some barriers and supportive factors of adjustment. The process of adjustment and social engagement were significantly influenced by intrapersonal factors such as nostalgia and feelings of loss, anxiety and self-worth; interpersonal dynamics included nature and frequency of family visits, interactions within the institution and reciprocity in relationships; while institutional environment like rules, shared spaces, and environmental design. Findings show that many residents undergo a process of induced or passive adjustment due to the lack of alternative care options and familial support. Emotional resilience, spirituality and positive relationships—especially with staff—emerged as key supportive factors of the social adjustment and engagement of the elderly residents. Despite the challenges, some residents found companionship and developed a sense of belonging within the institutional environment. The study calls for a person-centered approach through prioritizing empathy, protection of dignity and worth of elderly and genuine understanding that will help to overcome challenges and achieve personal growth consequently leading to meaningful social adjustment and engagement of elderly residents.