Media Representation And Public Perceptions: The Changing Portrayal Of Afghan Refugees In Pakistan

Abstract

This research examines the evolving portrayal of Afghan refugees (Muhajirs) in Pakistan and its impact on human rights in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Publications in premier academic journals from 2022 to 2025 include reports, research, and secondary data derived from 59 media bots. The research situates itself within the global critical social theory framework by addressing frames, securitization, and market mediation. Analyzing the discourse-driven formation of Afghan refugees via the perspective of labeling theory Historical evidence suggesting that research may act as a deterrent: Following 9/11, Afghan migrants were depicted as possible security threats, offenders, or undocumented immigrants; nevertheless, it was not until the 1980s that they emerged as victims of violence. This tonal shift is influenced by overarching geopolitical dynamics that are especially pertinent to Pakistan. This research has endorsed stringent measures that have aided the War on Terror, including mass detention denials, removal from vital services, harassment, and more techniques. Undocumented Afghans persistently face barriers to healthcare, education, and lawful employment; this research reinforces the assertion that securitized portrayals directly affect human rights. The media's impact on public opinion and ensuing legislative actions have further entrenched exclusion. Addressing this Objective: To implement a comprehensive system for refugees, amendments to Pakistan's legislation are essential. media accountability, comprehensive social policies that place a premium on human dignity, resilience, and security, and a stronger will to respect humanitarian law and international norms This research enhances our comprehension of migration, identity, and rights by elucidating the experiences of Afghan refugees and providing specific suggestions for policymakers. Recommendations for a more humane refugee policy for KP Pakistan.