Cognitive Biases in Leadership Decision-Making: A Comprehensive Study of Western and Middle Eastern Power's Responses to the Ukrainian and Palestinian Refugee Crises Amid Global Geopolitical Tensions

Abstract

This article investigates the influence of cognitive biases in leadership decision-making regarding the Ukrainian and Palestinian refugee crises, focusing on Western and Middle Eastern powers amid ongoing geopolitical tensions. Using a comparative case study, the research examines how biases such as proximity, cultural affinity, and status quo bias shape leaders’ responses to these crises. Western powers’ significant support for Ukraine, driven by geopolitical realism and shared values, contrasts with their limited assistance to Palestine, influenced by longstanding alliances and security concerns. Middle Eastern powers face similar challenges, balancing empathy for Palestinians with political and diplomatic constraints. Through qualitative content analysis and historical contextual analysis, the study reveals how strategic alliances impact leadership decisions, often prioritizing national interest over humanitarian imperatives. The article concludes with recommendations to mitigate cognitive biases and promote equitable, humanitarian-driven responses to future global crises.