The Rising Numbers of Child Trafficking Victims in Pakistan: Legal and Policy Gaps in Protection Mechanisms

Abstract

Child trafficking remains a critical issue in Pakistan, with the number of identified victims rising dramatically in recent years. In 2022, the government reported over 35,000 trafficking victims, including a significant number of women and children trafficked for sex and forced labor. Despite existing legal frameworks, such as the Prevention of Trafficking in Persons Act (2018) and the Child Protection and Welfare Act (2010), Pakistan's response to child trafficking reveals substantial gaps. This study examines the legal and policy frameworks addressing child trafficking in Pakistan, evaluating the effectiveness of victim identification protocols, law enforcement mechanisms, and support systems for victims. The research identifies key challenges such as inconsistent victim identification, lack of comprehensive data on bonded labor victims, fragmented coordination among government bodies and NGOs, and insufficient rehabilitation services. The study also highlights the need for standardized operating procedures and more robust victim protection strategies. Key recommendations include enhancing victim identification systems, improving coordination between stakeholders, strengthening victim rehabilitation, and aligning national laws with international standards. This research emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive legal reform and stronger institutional support to combat child trafficking in Pakistan effectively.